Turbulence FAQ

Turbulence is usually uncomfortable rather than dangerous. Modern commercial aircraft are designed and tested to handle forces far beyond typical turbulence. The most common risk is injury from not wearing a seatbelt, so keeping your seatbelt fastened when seated is the best precaution.

Most turbulence comes from changes in airflow: jet streams, storms and thunderstorm outflow, mountain waves, and temperature contrasts. Pilots and dispatch teams plan routes and altitudes to reduce exposure where possible.

Weather radar is great for detecting precipitation and storm structure, but clear-air turbulence often isn’t visible. That’s why airlines use multiple sources, including forecasts and pilot reports, to anticipate where bumps are more likely.

Stay seated if you can, keep your seatbelt fastened low and snug, and follow crew instructions. If you’re feeling anxious, slow breathing (a longer exhale than inhale) can help, and focusing on a fixed point can reduce motion discomfort.

Yes. Seasonal patterns can influence jet streams and storm tracks. Some routes are bumpier during certain months, but conditions also change day-to-day, which is why checking a route-specific forecast close to departure can be useful.

Forecasts estimate where turbulence is more likely based on atmospheric conditions. They’re helpful for planning and setting expectations, but they aren’t perfect — turbulence can be localised and change quickly. Treat forecasts as guidance, not a guarantee.